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双酚A(BPA)及其类似物作为典型内分泌干扰物,广泛分布于环境并威胁生态与健康。系统解析了BPA及其类似物在土壤中的吸附、迁移及降解机制,揭示了土壤理化性质(有机质、矿物质、pH等)与环境条件(温度、微生物群落)的调控作用。研究指出,BPA的疏水性及酚羟基通过氢键、π-π作用和静电吸附与土壤有机质-矿物质结合,蒙脱石与铁氧化物可通过配位键增强固定作用。BPA迁移受限于土壤孔隙度与黏粒含量,而双酚S(BPS)、双酚F(BPF)等类似物因结构差异呈现更高环境持久性。微生物降解是BPA去除的主要途径(效率依赖微生物群落和浓度),光解/水解次之但可降低其残留。基于土壤-植物-地下水多介质模型,有机质丰沛的农田土壤中BPA易长期滞留,需防控其经食物链的健康风险。未来需聚焦复合污染效应(如BPA-微塑料协同作用)、新型替代物毒性评估及高效修复技术研发,为BPA污染精准管控与生态环境安全提供科学支撑。
Abstract：Bisphenol A(BPA) and its analogues,as typical endocrine-disrupting chemicals(EDCs),are widely distributed in the environment,posing significant threats to ecosystems and human health.This study systematically investigates the adsorption,migration,and degradation mechanisms of BPA and its analogues in soil,highlighting the regulatory roles of soil physicochemical properties(organic matter, minerals,pH) and environmental conditions(temperature,microbial communities).Studies demonstrate that BPA's hydrophobicity and phenolic hydroxyl groups facilitate soil adsorption via hydrogen bonding,π-π(interactions,and electrostatic forces with organic-mineral complexes,Montmorillonite and iron oxides can further enhance the immobilization of BPA via coordination bonds.The transport of BPA is restricted by soil porosity and clay content,whereas structural differences in analogues such as bisphenol S(BPS) and bisphenol F(BPF) confer higher environmental persistence.Microbial degradation is the primary pathway for BPA removal(with efficiency dependent on microbial community structure and concentration),while photolysis and hydrolysis play secondary roles but can reduce residual levels.Based on a multimedia model encompassing soil-plant-groundwater systems,BPA is prone to long-term retention in organic matter-rich agricultural soils,necessitating control measures to mitigate associated food chain health risks.Future research should focus on the effects of combined pollution(e.g.,synergistic interactions between BPA and microplastics),toxicity assessment of emerging BPA substitutes,and the development of efficient remediation technologies,thereby providing scientific support for precise management of BPA pollution and ensuring ecological and environmental safety.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.13990/j.issn1001-3679.2025.05.003
中图分类号:X53
引用信息:
[1]石先罗,章卫,傅静.土壤中双酚A及其类似物的环境行为研究进展[J].江西科学,2025,43(05):832-838.DOI:10.13990/j.issn1001-3679.2025.05.003.
基金信息:
江西省水利厅科技计划项目(202425YBKT22,202526YBKT31); 江西省教育厅科技课题（GJJ2409210）